Sammendrag
Overall goals and study design
We aim to investigate whether large dosages of vitamin C and E and a Smartfish
drink (separately) can affect recovery after and adaptation to resistance
training and adaptation endurance training. By testing these supplements and
by applying an array of biochemical assays,
we intend to acquire better insight in the mechanisms behind muscle growth and
adaptation to resistance and endurance training. We have a working hypothesis
that muscle fibers adapt due to
mechanical stress and metabolic stress. The ?translation? of both these stimuli
may involve
changes in the redox status by increased generation of free radicals (40; 42;
67).
We hypothesize that vitamin C and E in high daily dosages (1 g and 350 IU per
day, respectively) will shut down some of the redox-sensitive signaling
pathways associated with adaptation to
training, i.e. increase muscle mass and strength after resistance training and
increased VO2max and endurance performance after endurance training. On the
other hand, we hypothesize that
supplementing with Smartfish will improve recovery and adaptations compared to
placebo. Thus, we believe that high concentration of single antioxidants, such
as vitamin C and E, will inhibit some of the key cellular steps in the
adaptation process, while Smartfish that contain a mix
of several, natural, fresh components (macro- and micronutrients) will have a
positive effect (or at least have no adverse effects).
Supplementation as beverages
The subjects will receive similar looking bottles that contain either vitamin C
(1 g) and E (350 UL), Smartfish or placebo. The drinks will contain the same
amount of energy (1000 kJ), including 10-15 g of protein. The Smartfish
beverage will contain a little less carbohydrates than
the two other beverages due to the content of fatty acids
Half of each bottle will be drunk right before training and the second half
immediately after training.
Resistance training: Study design 1 (adaptation study; Figure 1): Double
blinded placebo controlled experiment. We aim to recruit about 45-60 subjects
to engage in a heavy strength training program (both genders). All subjects
will initially complete 4 weeks of strength training (period I) without any
supplement interventions (?training run-in?). The subjects will
thereafter be administered a beverage containing 1 g of vitamin C and 350 UL
vitamin E, Smartfish or placebo (sugar water) daily during the next 8 weeks
(period II). The groups will be constructed by stratified randomization, based
on gender and their improvements in strength and
muscle growth during the first 3-4 weeks (without supplements). All three
beverages will be delivered in similar looking bottles and the drinks will
taste the same.
Vis fullstendig beskrivelse
Vitenskapelig sammendrag
Overall goals and study design
We aim to investigate whether large dosages of vitamin C and E and a Smartfish
drink (separately) can affect recovery after and adaptation to resistance
training and adaptation endurance training. By testing these supplements and
by applying an array of biochemical assays,
we intend to acquire better insight in the mechanisms behind muscle growth and
adaptation to resistance and endurance training. We have a working hypothesis
that muscle fibers adapt due to
mechanical stress and metabolic stress. The ?translation? of both these stimuli
may involve
changes in the redox status by increased generation of free radicals (40; 42;
67).
We hypothesize that vitamin C and E in high daily dosages (1 g and 350 IU per
day, respectively) will shut down some of the redox-sensitive signaling
pathways associated with adaptation to
training, i.e. increase muscle mass and strength after resistance training and
increased VO2max and endurance performance after endurance training. On the
other hand, we hypothesize that
supplementing with Smartfish will improve recovery and adaptations compared to
placebo. Thus, we believe that high concentration of single antioxidants, such
as vitamin C and E, will inhibit some of the key cellular steps in the
adaptation process, while Smartfish that contain a mix
of several, natural, fresh components (macro- and micronutrients) will have a
positive effect (or at least have no adverse effects).
Supplementation as beverages
The subjects will receive similar looking bottles that contain either vitamin C
(1 g) and E (350 UL), Smartfish or placebo. The drinks will contain the same
amount of energy (1000 kJ), including 10-15 g of protein. The Smartfish
beverage will contain a little less carbohydrates than
the two other beverages due to the content of fatty acids
Half of each bottle will be drunk right before training and the second half
immediately after training.
Resistance training: Study design 1 (adaptation study; Figure 1): Double
blinded placebo controlled experiment. We aim to recruit about 45-60 subjects
to engage in a heavy strength training program (both genders). All subjects
will initially complete 4 weeks of strength training (period I) without any
supplement interventions (?training run-in?). The subjects will
thereafter be administered a beverage containing 1 g of vitamin C and 350 UL
vitamin E, Smartfish or placebo (sugar water) daily during the next 8 weeks
(period II). The groups will be constructed by stratified randomization, based
on gender and their improvements in strength and
muscle growth during the first 3-4 weeks (without supplements). All three
beverages will be delivered in similar looking bottles and the drinks will
taste the same.
Vis fullstendig beskrivelse